Exploring the Development and Maturation of Antibodies During Immune Response

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical components of the adaptive immune system. They play a vital...

Engineering Antibody Fragments and Single-Domain Antibodies for Research and Clinical Use

Antibodies have long been the cornerstone of immunology, diagnostics, and therapeutic development. Their ability to...

Evolutionary Perspectives on Antibody Development in Vertebrates and Immune System Complexity

The immune system is a fundamental biological defense mechanism in all vertebrates, enabling them to...

How Antibody Diversity Arises Through V(D)J Recombination and Somatic Hypermutation Processes

The human immune system is a marvel of biological engineering, capable of recognizing and neutralizing...